| Description | Kartogeninisaninducerofdifferentiationofhumanmesenchymalstemcellsintochondrocytes. |
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| InVitro | Kartogeninenhancescellproliferationinbothcelltypesinaconcentration-dependentmannerandinduceschondrogenicdifferentiationofstemcells,asdemonstratedbyhighexpressionlevelsofchondrogenicMarkersaggrecan,collagenIIandSox-9.Besides,kartogenininducestheformationofcartilage-liketissuesincellcultures,asobservedthroughthestainingofabundantproteoglycans,collagenIIandosteocalcin[1].Kartogeninstimulatestype-IcollagensynthesisoffibroblastsatthemRNAandproteinlevelsinatime-dependentmannerwithoutobviousinfluenceonfibroblasts’apoptosisandviABIlity.Smad4/smad5oftheTGF-βsignalingpathwayisactivatedbykartogeninwhileMAPKsignalingpathwayremainsunchanged[2].KartogenintreatmentenhanceschondrocytepericellularmatrixassemblyandretentioninthepresenceofIL-1β.KartogeninpartiallyblockstheIL-1β-inducedincreasedexpressionofADAMTS-5.Additionally,kartogenin-treatedarticularchondrocytesexhibitsadecreaseinCD44proteolyticfragmentation[3]. |
| InVivo | heninjectedintointactratpatellartendons,kartogenininducescartilage-liketissueformationintheinjectedarea.WheninjectedintoexperimentallyinjuredratAchillesTBJs,woundhealingintheTBJsisenhanced,asevidencedbytheformationofextensivecartilage-liketissues[1].Kartogeninstimulatescollagensynthesisinthemousedermis.Dermisinthekartogenin(100nM)-treatedgroupexhibitsincreaseddermalthicknessandintensebluestaining,whichrepresentsmorecollagencompositioninthedermis[2]. |
| PreparingStockSolutions |
Pleaserefertothesolubilityinformationtoselecttheappropriatesolvent. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| CellAssay [1] | RabbitBMSCsorPTSCsaretreatedwithvariousconcentrations(1nMto5μM)ofkartogenin.Themediumischangedevery3daysandafter2weeks,cellproliferationismeasuredbypopulationdoublingtime[1].MCEhasnotindependentlyconfirmedtheaccuracyofthesemethods.Theyareforreferenceonly. AnimalAdmiNISTration | [1] Rat:Thenratsaredividedintotwogroupsbasedontheinjectionsreceived:sixratsaregiven10µLsalineinjectionsineachwound(wound-onlygroup)andsixratsreceive10µLof100µMkartogeninsolutioneachinthewoundedareas(wound+kartogeningroup).Theinjectionsaregivenimmediatelyafterwoundingandrepeatedondays2,4,7and12[1].MCEhasnotindependentlyconfirmedtheaccuracyofthesemethods.Theyareforreferenceonly.
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